A. Pengertian
Passive Voice
Passive
Voice yang di dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut juga kalimat pasif, adalah bentuk
kalimat yang lebih menekankan objek (nomina penderita) daripada subjek
(pelaku). Ketika diterjemahkan, kalimat ini diawali dengan awalan di-/ ter-
yang berawalan dengan kalimat aktif, berawalan me- atau ber-.
B.
Pola Kalimat
Pola kalimat yang digunakan pada passive voice adalah
dibentuk dari :
to
be + Verb-3 (past participle)
Active Passive
to give = mengambil to
be given = diambil
to receive = menerima to
be received = diterima
Contoh
:
v Has
a dog ever bitten you? – have you ever bitten by a dog?
v My
grandfather built this house – this house was built by my grandfather
Ø Present simple am/is/are + Verb-3
Active : Somebody clean this
room everyday
Passive : This
room is cleaned everyday
v
Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving
v
I’m
not often invited to parties
v
How many people are injured inroad accident everyday
Ø
Past
simple was/were + Verb-3
Active : Somebody cleaned this
room yesterday
Passive : This
room was cleaned yesterday
v
During the night we were all waken up by a loud explosion
v
When was that castle built
v
The house wasn’t damaged in the storm but a tree was blown down
Ø
Present
continuous am/is/are + Verb-3
Active : Somebody is cleaning the
room at the moment
Passive : The
room is being cleaned at the moment
v
Look at those old houses! They are being knocked down
v
(shoop assistant to customer) Are you being served, madam?
Ø
Past
continuous was/were being + Verb-3
Active : Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived
Passive : The
room was being cleaned when I arrived
v
Suddenly I heard footsteps behind
me. We were being followed
Ø
Present
perfect have / has been + Verb-3
Active : The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it
Passive : The
room looks nice. It has been cleaned
v
Have you heard the news? They
president has been shot
v
Have
you ever been bitten by a dog?
v
I’m not going to the party. I haven’t been invited
Ø
Past
perfect had been + Verb-3
Active : The room
looked much better. Somebody had cleaned
it
Passive : The
room locked much better. It had been
cleaned
v
Jim didn’t know about the change of
plans. He hadn’t been told.
Referensi Buku-2
Conjugation for the Passive Voice
We can form
the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is
rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the
auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate
the auxiliary verb. So, for example:
- present simple: It is made
- present continuous: It is being made
- present perfect: It has been made
Here are
some examples with most of the possible tenses:
infinitive
|
to be washed
|
|
simple
|
present
|
It is
washed.
|
past
|
It was
washed.
|
|
future
|
It will
be washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would
be washed.
|
|
continuous
|
present
|
It is
being washed.
|
past
|
It was
being washed.
|
|
future
|
It will
be being washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would
be being washed.
|
|
perfect
simple
|
present
|
It has
been washed.
|
past
|
It had
been washed.
|
|
future
|
It will
have been washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would
have been washed.
|
|
perfect
continuous
|
present
|
It has
been being washed.
|
past
|
It had
been being washed.
|
|
future
|
It will
have been being washed.
|
|
conditional
|
It would
have been being washed.
|
FORMING
THE PASSIVE
ACTIVE :
(a) Mary helped the boy
PASSIVE
: (b) The boy was helped by Mary
|
Form
of the passive: be + past
participle.
In
the passive, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive
verb: “the boy” in (a) becomes the subject of the passive verb in (b). (a)
and (b) have the same meaning.
|
ACTIVE : (c) An accident happened
PASSIVE
: (d) ( none )
|
Only
transitive verbs (verbs that are followed by an object) are used in the
passive. It is not possible to use verbs such as happen, sleep, come, and seem (intransitive verbs) in the passive.
|
Simple
present Mary
helps Jhon. Jhon is
helped by Mary
present
progres Mary is helping Jhon. Jhon is
being helped by Mary
present
perfect Mary has helped Jhon. Jhon has
been helped by Mary
simple
past Mary helped Jhon. Jhon was
helped by Mary
past
progresive Mary was helping Jhon. Jhon was being helped by Mary
past
perfect Mary had helped Jhon. Jhon had
been helped by Mary
simple
future Mary will help Jhon. Jhon will
be helped by Mary
be
going to Mary
is going to help Jhon. Jhon is
going to be helped by Mary
Future
perfect Mary will have helped Jhon. Jhon will have been helped by Mary
|
Example :
Tom opens
the door. The door
is opened by Tom.
Tom is opening the door. The
door is being opened by Tom.
Tom has
opened the door The
door has been opened by Tom.
Tom opened
the door The
door was opened by Tom.
Tom was
opening the door The
door was being opened by Tom.
Tom had
opened the door The
door had been opened by Tom.
USING
THE PASSIVE
(a) Rice is grown in India.
(b) Our house was built in 1890.
(c) This olive oil was imported from
Spain.
|
Usually
the passive is used without a “ by phrase.” The passive is most
frequently used when it is not known or not important to know exactly who
performs an action.
In
(a): Rice is grown in India by people, by farmers, by someone. In sentence (a),
it is not known or important to know exactly who grows rice in India.
(a),
(b), and (c) illustrate the most common use of the passive, i.e., without the
“by
phrase.”
|
(d) Life
on the Mississippi was written by
Mark Twain.
|
The
“by
phrase” is included only if it is important to know who performs an
action. In (d), by Mark Twain is important information.
|
(e) My aunt made this rug. (active)
(f) This rug was made by my aunt.
That rug was made by my mother.
|
If the speaker/writer knows who
performs an action, usually the active is used, as in (e).
The
passive may be used with the “by phrase” instead of the active
when the speaker/writer wants to focus attention on the subject of a
sentence. In (f) the focus of attention is on two rugs.
|
Example :
People grow corn in Iowa. Corn is grown in Iowa
INDIRECT
OBJECTS AS PASSIVE SUBJECTS
(a) Someone gave Mrs. Lee[LO] an award
[DO].
(b) Mrs. Lee was given an award.
|
LO=
indirect object. DO= direct object. Either an indirect object or a direct may
become the subject of a passive sentence.
(a),
(b), (c), and (d) have the same meaning.
|
(c) Someone gave an award to Mrs. Lee.
(d) An award was given to Mrs. Lee.
|
Example :
Someone handed Ann a
menu at the restaurant.
(indirect object = Ann) Ann
was handed a menu at the restaurant.
Referensi buku:
Buku SPMB konsultan Pendidikan Salemba Group divisi
bimbingan tes alumni salemba Jakarta. Frank, Marcella. Modern English : Exercises For Non-Native Speakers Part 1 of Speech. New York: Prentice Hall, Inc, 1972.